{"id":351,"date":"2019-04-15T22:36:41","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T20:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otulinablog.pl\/?p=351"},"modified":"2019-04-15T22:36:41","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T20:36:41","slug":"sankt-gallen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351","title":{"rendered":"Sankt Gallen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\">W tym roku \u015bwi\u0119tujemy stulecie powstania Bauhausu &#8211; uczelni artystyczno-rzemie\u015blniczej, kt\u00f3ra zrewolucjonizowa\u0142a my\u015blenie o tym, jak tworzy\u0107 architektur\u0119. Jej priorytetem by\u0142o zapewnienie dobrych warunk\u00f3w mieszkania. Z tej okazji chcia\u0142abym przypomnie\u0107, troch\u0119 przewrotnie, \u201cprototyp\u201d funkcjonalnego my\u015blenia w budownictwie. I to z okresu, kt\u00f3rego nie podejrzewaliby\u015bcie o to. Wczesne \u015bredniowiecze w czasach karoli\u0144skich, to nie tylko moment ponownego kszta\u0142towania si\u0119 to\u017csamo\u015bci europejskiej, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c powr\u00f3t struktur urbanistyczno-spo\u0142ecznych. Zanim miasta rozwin\u0119\u0142y swoje mo\u017cliwo\u015bci na tym polu, idealnych rozwi\u0105za\u0144 szukano w rozplanowaniu klasztor\u00f3w. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Najdawniejszy zachowany plan przedstawia zabudowania Sankt Gallen i pochodzi z oko\u0142o 825 roku. Prawdopodobnie nigdy nie zosta\u0142 zrealizowany. Pokazuje jednak, jak my\u015blano o zale\u017cno\u015bciach pomi\u0119dzy poszczeg\u00f3lnymi aspektami aktywno\u015bci, rytmem dnia oraz potrzebami mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Klasztor zorganizowany by\u0142 wedle regu\u0142y \u015bw. Benedykta z Nursji, kt\u00f3r\u0105 podsumowuje dewiza \u201cOra et labora\u201d &#8211; m\u00f3dl si\u0119 i pracuj. Zgodnie z ni\u0105 dominuj\u0105c\u0105 budowl\u0105 by\u0142a bry\u0142a olbrzymiej \u015bwi\u0105tyni z przylegaj\u0105cymi do niej pomieszczeniami przeznaczonymi dla mnich\u00f3w: jadalni\u0105, sypialni\u0105, lektorium, gdzie s\u0142uchali lektury pism \u015bwi\u0119tych. S\u0105 te\u017c wyznaczone miejsca pracy &#8211; takie jak piekarnia, kuchnia, skryptorium (gdzie przepisywano ksi\u0119gi), szko\u0142a, szpital oraz rozmaite zabudowania gospodarskie. Wszystkie one s\u0105 tak rozplanowane, by umo\u017cliwi\u0107 optymalne ich funkcjonowanie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Plan wykonany jest na pergaminie, czyli wyprawionej sk\u00f3rze, o sporych wymiarach: 112 x 77,5 centymetr\u00f3w. Od 12 kwietnia jest prezentowany, po raz pierwszy na publicznej wystawie, w miejscu swojego przechowywania, czyli w klasztorze Sankt Gallen w Szwajcarii.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stiftsbezirk.ch\/en\/container\/stiftsbezirk\/exhibitions\/current-exhibitions\/exhibition-space.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/otulinablog.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen-717x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen-717x1024.jpg 717w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen-768x1097.jpg 768w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen-300x429.jpg 300w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gallen.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>plan z ok. 825 roku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\">This year we celebrate the centenary of the creation of Bauhaus &#8211; an art and craft school that has revolutionized thinking about how to create architecture. Its priority was to provide good living conditions. On this occasion, I would like to recall the &#8222;prototype&#8221; of functional thinking in planning, maybe a bit controversially, from the period that you would never have suspected. The early Middle Ages in the Carolingian era were not only the moment of re-shaping of the European identity, but also the return of urban and social structures. Before cities developed their capabilities in this field, ideal solutions were sought in the layout of the monasteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The oldest preserved scheme presents the buildings of St. Gallen and dates from around 825. It has probably never been realized. However, it shows how the dependencies between particular aspects of activity, the rhythm of the day and the needs of residents were included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The monastery was organized according to the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia, which can be summarized by the motto &#8222;Ora et labora&#8221; &#8211; pray and work. According to that, the dominant building is the shape of a huge temple with adjoining spaces for monks: a dining room, a bedroom, a lectorium, where they listened to the reading of the scriptures. There has been workplaces also designated &#8211; such as a bakery, a kitchen, a scriptorium (where books were copied), a school, a hospital and various farm buildings. They were all arranged in a way that allows for the optimal functioning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.planetware.com\/map\/switzerland-switzerland-map-ch-swissgs.htm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/otulinablog.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan.jpg 564w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan-277x300.jpg 277w, https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan-300x324.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The plan is made on parchment, i.e. leather, with large dimensions: 112 x 77.5 centimeters. From April 12, it is presented, for the first time on a public view, in the place of its storage, in the monastery of St. Gallen in Switzerland.<br><\/p>\n<p>Views: 6<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>W tym roku \u015bwi\u0119tujemy stulecie powstania Bauhausu &#8211; uczelni artystyczno-rzemie\u015blniczej, kt\u00f3ra zrewolucjonizowa\u0142a my\u015blenie o tym, jak tworzy\u0107 architektur\u0119. Jej priorytetem by\u0142o zapewnienie dobrych warunk\u00f3w mieszkania. Z tej okazji chcia\u0142abym przypomnie\u0107, troch\u0119 przewrotnie, \u201cprototyp\u201d funkcjonalnego my\u015blenia w budownictwie. I to z okresu, kt\u00f3rego nie podejrzewaliby\u015bcie o to. Wczesne \u015bredniowiecze w czasach karoli\u0144skich, to nie tylko moment&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[80,159],"class_list":["post-351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii","tag-kanon-historii-sztuki","tag-sredniowiecze-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"W tym roku \u015bwi\u0119tujemy stulecie powstania Bauhausu &#8211; uczelni artystyczno-rzemie\u015blniczej, kt\u00f3ra zrewolucjonizowa\u0142a my\u015blenie o tym, jak tworzy\u0107 architektur\u0119. Jej priorytetem by\u0142o zapewnienie dobrych warunk\u00f3w mieszkania. Z tej okazji chcia\u0142abym przypomnie\u0107, troch\u0119 przewrotnie, \u201cprototyp\u201d funkcjonalnego my\u015blenia w budownictwie. I to z okresu, kt\u00f3rego nie podejrzewaliby\u015bcie o to. Wczesne \u015bredniowiecze w czasach karoli\u0144skich, to nie tylko moment...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"otulina o sztuce\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-15T20:36:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"769\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"266\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351\",\"name\":\"Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-15T20:36:41+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/79c5cf3acb232614a8cf471b6f29dac3\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg\",\"width\":769,\"height\":266},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sankt Gallen\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/\",\"name\":\"otulina o sztuce\",\"description\":\"ALEKSANDRA JANISZEWSKA-CARDONE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/79c5cf3acb232614a8cf471b6f29dac3\",\"name\":\"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/064a896e49b27f9e33c7e3097d93ea1a3afd4228229f515ba0824346623bb16d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/064a896e49b27f9e33c7e3097d93ea1a3afd4228229f515ba0824346623bb16d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce","og_description":"W tym roku \u015bwi\u0119tujemy stulecie powstania Bauhausu &#8211; uczelni artystyczno-rzemie\u015blniczej, kt\u00f3ra zrewolucjonizowa\u0142a my\u015blenie o tym, jak tworzy\u0107 architektur\u0119. Jej priorytetem by\u0142o zapewnienie dobrych warunk\u00f3w mieszkania. Z tej okazji chcia\u0142abym przypomnie\u0107, troch\u0119 przewrotnie, \u201cprototyp\u201d funkcjonalnego my\u015blenia w budownictwie. I to z okresu, kt\u00f3rego nie podejrzewaliby\u015bcie o to. Wczesne \u015bredniowiecze w czasach karoli\u0144skich, to nie tylko moment...","og_url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351","og_site_name":"otulina o sztuce","article_published_time":"2019-04-15T20:36:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":769,"height":266,"url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone","Szacowany czas czytania":"3 minuty"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351","url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351","name":"Sankt Gallen - otulina o sztuce","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg","datePublished":"2019-04-15T20:36:41+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/79c5cf3acb232614a8cf471b6f29dac3"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg","width":769,"height":266},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?p=351#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sankt Gallen"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/","name":"otulina o sztuce","description":"ALEKSANDRA JANISZEWSKA-CARDONE","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/79c5cf3acb232614a8cf471b6f29dac3","name":"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/064a896e49b27f9e33c7e3097d93ea1a3afd4228229f515ba0824346623bb16d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/064a896e49b27f9e33c7e3097d93ea1a3afd4228229f515ba0824346623bb16d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Aleksandra Janiszewska-Cardone"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl"],"url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/?author=1"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/plan1.jpg","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otulinaosztuce.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}